Monday, September 22, 2008

He II at the LHC

I was mulling over aspects of the Large Hadron Collider after having read some time ago that for superconducting conditions, the optimal operating temperature for the magnets is at 1.9 degrees Kelvin. In order to reach this temperature, 96 metric tonnes of liquid helium is used. However, the lambda point for helium lies at 2.17K, meaning that the helium would most likely be cooled into the superfluid helium II. When helium is in the phase of superfluidity, it has a viscosity of 0 and seemingly defies the laws of gravity (due to the Onnes effect). Further, they have interesting thermal conductivity properties wherein boiling is impossible, rather evaporating straight to gas and typical heat diffusion is not present but rather a phenomenon known as second sound. Second sound is named thus due to the conduction of heat displaying a wave form similar to the travel of sound waves. Recently there was a transformer malfunction where the temperature became unstable. Basically, I wonder if and how CERN has to go about handling such a volatile substance without it creeping about and evaporating into thin air. While there are abounding fears of black holes to swallow the Earth on account of the LHC operations, the advent of a helium leak would deplete oxygen and could be harmful or even fatal to the CERN staff.



EDIT:

Excerpt from Wired Science article on 9/23...

"On Sept. 18, the news from CERN, the organization that runs the LHC, was that an electrical problem involved with a cooling system caused a helium leak that would keep the mammoth particle accelerator out of commission for a day or so. A couple of days later, the estimate had stretched into two months: The machine would need to be warmed back up, which will take three to four weeks, before a full investigation could be done."

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